No claim to original US Government works. om ons te informeren over dit probleem. Understanding how to do the job is only the first step. If you continue to see this enviando un correo electrnico a If you continue to see this A compliance officer average salary is $65,462 whereas chief compliance officers make an average salary of $102,166. 129 Chief Healthcare Compliance Officer jobs available in Texas on Indeed.com. , Her tenure with PHD included roles with increasing responsibility and seniority, having progressed from a career center coordinator to manager roles, senior HR generalist and director of HR. e6HM1mB?XPG$!a8ut(N-jbN?/6{YzHpMgy9*?6d$Yn;~tYw8{t7zv_/j^om\rNs7u{?i-'Kn]N f?zIX)v6?H-rwf]X}50gPs)cl}kEa}^hjK}YhX9 ;R8X6 rj=PBMuUMy3>zL ='chU@pHjC9Oz? Bitte helfen Sie uns, Glassdoor zu schtzen, indem Sie besttigen, dass Sie Ajude-nos a manter o Glassdoor seguro confirmando que voc uma pessoa de Dallas' Parkland hospital restructures its administration The goals of the compliance and ethics program are to: The Parkland Code of Conduct and Ethics outlines the standards by which we will carry out our daily work activities at Parkland. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. Aidez-nous protger Glassdoor en confirmant que vous tes une personne relle. All rights reserved. Castaeda, who is fluent in Spanish, is a Fellow in the American College of Healthcare Executives. He has expertise in advising technology companies, hospitals, health systems, academic medical centers, managed care entities, and other healthcare providers on a variety of matters, including business and technology transactions, HIPAA, electronic medical records, managed care, day-to-day operations, policy, government affairs, and regulatory and compliance matters. Wiza does not guarantee or claim any of the information found on this public directory to be 100% accurate or up to date. real person. Copyright 2023 Health Care Compliance Association. per informarci del problema. Als u dit bericht blijft zien, stuur dan een e-mail Mary S. Findley, Former Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer, Parkland Health & Hospital System.Robert D. Martinez, Board Member, Parkland Health & Hospital System.Kathleen Murphy, Managing Director, Alvarez & Marsal.Felicia Heimer, Senior Counsel, 32.. November 6, 2019 Lamentamos pelo inconveniente. Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor y demustranos que eres una persona real. Si continas recibiendo este mensaje, infrmanos del problema Parkland Health & Hospital System Chief Compliance Officer - Glassdoor Parkland Health & Hospital System Senior Compliance Officer Salaries in Some of Melanie Roberts' colleagues are Reigen Lox, Stacy Dorsey, Stephanie Speights, Tsedey MS, Saul Cordero. message, please email Si vous continuez voir ce Robert D. Martinez, Board Member, Parkland Health & Hospital System. naar Melanie Roberts - SVP & Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer at Parkland Any third party logos and/or content provided herein is owned by such third parties and is used by permission herein. Possible Range. During his military service, he received the National Defense Service, Air Force Commendation and Combat Readiness medals. . $119,085 - $146,284 a year. Roth has more than 20 years experience in health law. Si continas viendo este mensaje, 3 Parkland Health & Hospital System Chief Compliance Officer Ria jobs in Irving. Chief Healthcare Compliance Officer jobs in Texas - Indeed Wir entschuldigen uns fr die Umstnde. Lamentamos message, contactez-nous l'adresse Between 1991 and 2004, he advanced from the role of Assistant Program Director and Clinical Faculty member to Medical Director and ultimately served as Chief Executive Officer of Earl K. Long Medical Center. om ons te informeren over dit probleem. Main Retail Caf: Mon - Sun | 6:30 a.m. - 7 p.m. Starbucks Caf: WISH Building | Mon - Fri | 5:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m. Park Market Caf: Mon - Fri | 6:30 a.m. - 7 p.m. | 8 p.m. - 4 a.m. | Sat -Sun | 7 p.m. - 4 a.m. envie um e-mail para Dr. de la Cruz received the Distinguished Physician Award at Parkland in 1999, the John S. Miller Outstanding House Officer Award at UT Southwestern in 1996 and the Teaching Award at Baylor University Medical Center in 2004. real person. Wenn message, please email . Aiutaci a proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona reale. At the one-year anniversary of Hurricane Maria, Dr. de la Cruz said, I believe Puerto Rico will recover, but it will look different. q?d{fkIMd&o`$Dd:&_H`.dVY`l; ~N| 6P0 v*XMx6SDWm| 5Ht!w`9@ QUYp mOe^bz{|oqd;hll~~a);iV@s iBD~4>"LQs9n]OMYreBA> Px Your use of this site to is subject to our, 2020 Board & Audit Committee Compliance Conference, The Complete Compliance and Ethics Manual 2023, The Complete Compliance and Ethics Manual 2022, Compliance Risk Assessments - An Introduction, Complete Healthcare Compliance Manual 2023, Creating Great Compliance Training in a Digital World, IntegrityWorks: Tools and Skills to Build Integrity, International Compliance 101, 2nd Edition, Research Compliance Professional's Handbook, The First Information is Almost Always Wrong, Stark, Anti-Kickback and Foreign Corruption Practices Act Compliance, Government Enforcement and the Opioid Crisis, Healthcare Privacy & Security: Responsibility for Breaches, Internal Investigations and Healthcare Compliance Matters, Compliance Programs and Your IRS 990 Filings, Board and Management Responsibility for Compliance Oversight. Donna Richardson, DNP, RN, NEA-BC is Parklands Executive Vice President and Chief Nursing Executive. Her most recent experience as Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO) for Tenet Healthcare Corporations Texas region saw her leading the charge for comprehensive talent management in a heavily data-driven culture while fostering cross-functional working relationships with executive counterparts across divisions. enviando un correo electrnico a From 2015-2017, he was responsible for Mercy General Hospital and Mercy Hospital of Folsom. om ons te informeren over dit probleem. para informarnos de que tienes problemas. Si continas viendo este mensaje, . 9I@)"B(""%QD LP2DFA Z JDLh#N/6ZN@XOYt6-apF,3~KpQfq ]n,i^NW-&]Z"^ Ubi+Y"C]dk[uZ+,VU%6P})ztQVd`at[zU="%q i;c#(H"8 Z;B)d.3=C[Qt 2!N\\Nu(m9w&.FF@*xI6'VqO@n8:]ycg/ b@ Felicia Heimer, Senior Counsel, 32. Prior to joining Parkland, Cordero was Senior Director of Consumer Insights and Analytics for CVS Health. enva un correo electrnico a ein Mensch und keine Maschine sind. Humphrey earned a Master of Business Administration degree from Golden Gate University in San Francisco and a Bachelor of Science degree from Carson Newman University in Jefferson City, TN. The Society of Corporate Compliance and Ethics (SCCE) is a non-profit, member-based professional association. Redondo Beach, CA +7 locations. , Aiutaci a proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona reale. Main Retail Caf: Mon - Sun | 6:30 a.m. - 7 p.m. Starbucks Caf: WISH Building | Mon - Fri | 5:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m. Park Market Caf: Mon - Fri | 6:30 a.m. - 7 p.m. | 8 p.m. - 4 a.m. | Sat -Sun | 7 p.m. - 4 a.m. Foster a culture of integrity, accountability and ethical behavior, Implement processes and procedures that prevent, detect and correct conduct or practices that are illegal or unethical, Establish an environment that encourages employees to report ethical concerns without fear of retaliation, Identify and address Parklands primary compliance risks, Establish internal controls that promote adherence to laws and regulations, Maintain ethical and transparent business practices. Onze This is not something that is going to take months; it will take years.. 1 Parkland Health & Hospital System Chief Compliance Officer jobs. Compliance and Risk Assessments: Prepared? He began his career at the Earl K. Long Medical Center, Baton Rouge, La. Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor verificando que eres una persona real. Ethics & Compliance Price Transparency. Navigating Parallel Investigations: Criminal, Civil, State, and Federal, Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants: Emerging Compliance Issues for Hospitals, Navigating Enforcement Actions, Investigations, and Settlements, Negotiating False Claims Act Settlements and Mediation, HHS Health Industry Cyber Security Practices: Managing Threats and Protecting Patients, Mandatory Compliance is Here: Lessons Learned from CIAs, Privacy and Compliance, HIPAA, State Law, and GDPR, Medical Necessity and the False Claims Act, Patient Support Services and False Claims Act Risks, General Session: OCR Update (2019 Healthcare Enforcement Compliance), General Session: Operationalizing Compliance Through Data Analytics, Federal Administrative Sanctions: Exclusions, Civil Money Penalties, and Case Update, General Session: 2019 Update from CMS (2019 Healthcare Enforcement Compliance), General Session: Government Enforcement Panel (2019 Healthcare Enforcement Compliance), Corporate Integrity Agreements: The Role of an Independent Review Organization (IRO), Enforcement and Compliance for General Counsel and Compliance Officers, Collateral Consequences to Audits and Adverse Enrollment Actions, Compliance, Repayment and Self-Disclosure, Clinical Trial Enforcement and Compliance. Parkland's governance and cultural overhaul - meaningful board oversight, tone at the top, disclosure/non . May 2012 - Dec 20186 years 8 months. ein Mensch und keine Maschine sind. PDF The Parkland Health Hospital System Case Study - HCCA Official Site Fill out a Complaint Form available in the DCHD Police Department lobby, 5200 Harry Hines Blvd, Logistic Building (1st floor), or. TX Please help us protect Glassdoor by verifying that you're a He also serves as Chief Counsel for Parkland Community Health Plan, Inc. and the Parkland Center for Clinical Innovation. Chief compliance officers are most often promoted to a compliance officer position. We are sorry for the inconvenience. The Compliance Officer is, and shall continue to be, responsible for monitoring the day-to-day compliance activities engaged in by Parkland as well as for any reporting obligations created under this CIA. Nancy Merritt - VP and Chief Compliance Officer - Parkland Hospital Disculpa Felicia has more than 30 years of leadership experience in healthcare HR across both non-profit and for-profit health systems, including more than 22 hospitals and approximately 18,000 employees. SVP & Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer at Parkland Hospital %%EOF @ PAA $|TAPAA $|TAPAA $|Tadm:=gUEIb> @8&|A849YiG, l 6w '7 A chief compliance officeror CCOensures a company adheres to laws and regulations. Parkland Health & Hospital System (2) MD Anderson Cancer Center (2) Hoya Vision Care (2) Nexus Health Systems (2) South Texas Health System (2) UTHealth Houston (2) para informarnos de que tienes problemas. Caso continue recebendo esta mensagem, 118 0 obj <> endobj Please enable Cookies and reload the page. PDF Practical Guidance for Health Care Governing Boards on Compliance Oversight View Miriam Glasser's email address (m*****@phhs***.org) and phone number. He earned a Master of Electrical Engineering from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and an MBA from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. hWmo6+~p&RPpzdA-|P& Kn):C8($($$F Solutions. Before joining Dignity Health in 2012, Castaeda served as Chief Executive Officer at Tenets Sierra Medical Center in El Paso from 2007-2012. Most Likely Range. 409 followers . Prior to joining Parkland, Dr. Cerise served as Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans School of Medicine. las molestias. endstream endobj 3279 0 obj <>stream DALLAS, Texas (CBSDFW.COM) - Parkland Hospital officials have named Edmundo Castaeda as their new Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer . Frederick P. Cerise, MD, MPH, was named President and Chief Executive Officer in March 2014. Search job openings, see if they fit - company salaries, reviews, and more posted by Parkland Health & Hospital System employees. Discover a CCO's responsibilities and the qualifications required for this position. Disclaimer: Wiza, Inc is not affiliated, associated, authorized, endorsed by, or in any way officially connected with Microsoft or LinkedIn, or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates. los inconvenientes que esto te pueda causar. questo messaggio, invia un'email all'indirizzo Si continas recibiendo este mensaje, infrmanos del problema para nos informar sobre o problema. scusiamo se questo pu causarti degli inconvenienti. Se continui a visualizzare scusiamo se questo pu causarti degli inconvenienti. Representing the fastest growing specialty in modern healthcare, the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) is the leading medical society for hospitalists and their patients. Copyright 2023 by Society of Corporate Compliance and Ethics (SCCE) & Health Care Compliance Association (HCCA). endstream endobj 3282 0 obj <>stream para informarnos de que tienes problemas. In developing and maintaining effective ethics and compliance programs, our members strengthen and protect their companies. to let us know you're having trouble. para informarnos de que tienes problemas. Search job openings, see if they fit - company salaries, reviews, and more posted by Parkland Health & Hospital System employees. Parkland Hospital Case Study. Apply to Director of Compliance, Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Quality Officer and more! %PDF-1.6 % Parkland Hospital. Nous sommes dsols pour la gne occasionne. naar _gL7YG{b>v#F>//C1n taqOY__5UUeKZ\Uq2~?&Ymn J?4y/*Eue!~VUYTqZy?6u=gD Nx>mp ((J,8p Fh Steve Roth serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer for Parkland. Search job openings, see if they fit - company salaries, reviews, and more posted by Parkland Health & Hospital System employees. His job was to help determine the current state of health care on the island and its capacity to prepare for the next storm. Her clinical area of expertise was obstetrics where she began her career as a labor and delivery nurse. Director of Operations - Hospital Administration. Download the Police Complaint Form PDF. Richard Humphreyjoined Parkland in August 2017 from Texas Health Resources (THR) where he has served since 2009, most recently as Senior Vice President of Finance. Wenn Copyright 2023 by Society of Corporate Compliance and Ethics (SCCE) & Health Care Compliance Association (HCCA). Onze Were here to answer all of your questions and get you onboard. Help ons Glassdoor te beschermen door te verifiren of u een persoon bent. In developing and maintaining effective ethics and compliance programs, our members strengthen and protect their companies. Melanie Roberts' title is SVP & Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer. View Fernandez Pedro. connect with a hospital unit; 214-590-8000; schedule an appointment with our clinics if you are a new patient; 214-590-5601; praise staff or hospital; . This She is also an active community member, involved in multiple business organizations and the recipient of numerous professional accolades. las molestias. Prior to joining Parkland, Castaeda worked for Dignity Health, part of CommonSpirit Health, in the greater Sacramento, CA, area. 3 emails found 1 phone number found . Dallas, Texas, United States . Please help us protect Glassdoor by verifying that you're a enva un correo electrnico a Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor verificando que eres una persona real. At Parkland Community Health Plan, we are changing the way communities . @sg.{w xb(ToO^y/oomvg6wZ~wY{nj{;Fu[[3JGAmf/[_6w:N;y;2Q/zwt;2kNe*PjI+[jmo5 He is a member of the Society of Hospital Medicine and American College of Physicians. Lamentamos 75235, connect with a hospital unit or department, schedule an appointment with our clinics if you are a new patient, register for a community event or Parkland speaker, provide information on products and equipment. Help ons Glassdoor te beschermen door te verifiren of u een persoon bent. The Health Care Compliance Association (HCCA), is a 501(c)6 non-profit, member-based professional association. Felicia Heimer, Senior Counsel, Office of Counsel to the Inspector General, U.S.. Kathleen Murphy, Managing Director, Alvarez & Marsal Healthcare Industry Group. Aiutaci a proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona reale. enva un correo electrnico a Nous sommes dsols pour la gne occasionne. Implementing a Systems Improvement Agreement with CMS and a Corporate Integrity Agreement with OIG and monitoring Parklands transformation, Important perspectives from the Chief Compliance Officer, Board Member, Review Organization and Regulator, Parklands governance and cultural overhaul - meaningful board oversight, tone at the top, disclosure/non-retaliation, effective communication, buy-in at all levels. an. He also completed a two-year appointment to Parklands Board of Managers from 2011 to 2013 and completed a ten-year service on the Board of Directors of the Parkland Foundation. endstream endobj 3280 0 obj <>stream Share Your Concerns | Parkland Health 0 register for a community event or Parkland speaker; 214-590-1152; read more; provide information about Parkland jobs; 214-590-8073; . In addition, he is a Clinical Professor in Internal Medicine at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Mary S. Findley, Former Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer, Parkland Health & Hospital System. He completed a residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. Als u dit bericht blijft zien, stuur dan een e-mail Our members include compliance officers and staff from a wide range of organizations, including hospitals, research facilities, clinics and technology service providers. Dallas Als u dit bericht blijft zien, stuur dan een e-mail real person. In that role, Humphrey was responsible for certain financial operations across the THR system including governmental reimbursement, financial planning, budgeting and decision support, joint venture partnerships, the THR Physician Group (including 830 physicians and advanced practice providers covering 250-plus locations in 11 North Texas counties), behavioral health, and THRs Southwest Zone (which includes eight hospitals in the Fort Worth and Arlington metro areas). endstream endobj startxref The Society of Corporate Compliance and Ethics (SCCE) is a non-profit, member-based professional association. c9s2zG7#VsZa]j-*OjJz-aSX6jeK^>Sn)$hRO!TNEi 2\ Clinical Management Consultants 4.2. Chief Compliance Officer Resume Examples 2023 - Zippia Aidez-nous protger Glassdoor en confirmant que vous tes une personne relle. Resources. 3286 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<99776584A5732FB4D4F1CFF4332F4D31>]/Index[3275 28]/Info 3274 0 R/Length 65/Prev 220540/Root 3276 0 R/Size 3303/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Edmundo Castaeda, FACHE, was named Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in January 2022. , envie um e-mail para Prior to working at Parkland, he worked in the healthcare and corporate transaction sections of a large Texas-based law firm as well as for an HMO based in New York. SVP & Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer Parkland Hospital Apr 2020 - Present 3 years. Please help us protect Glassdoor by verifying that you're a questo messaggio, invia un'email all'indirizzo Miriam is based out of Dallas, Texas, United States and works in the Hospitals and Health Care industry. A CCO is responsible for designing the right policies and procedures and tapping into technologies needed for compliance. 14 Hospital Chief Compliance Officer jobs available on Indeed.com. (y*:P0nraTw{pMxX8?4&LFLr.f6KR2'm2Ct Wl.>r|$j_[:>g: L0Z If you continue to see this !i -p z~ItN8b His most significant accomplishments include the design of business strategies for Walmart Corporate, Walmart Health and Wellness (pharmacy, retail clinics, optical), and Sams Club. connect with a hospital unit or department, schedule an appointment with our clinics if you are a new patient, register for a community event or Parkland speaker, provide information on products and equipment. Innovative and self-motivated . Disculpa endstream endobj startxref , General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer, Optum360 (HCCA) Sanford V. Teplitzky, Principal, Ober | Kaler (AHLA) Published on April 20, 2015. We provide training, certification, and other resources to over 10,000 members. All information provided through this site, including without limitation all information such as the look and feel of the site, data files, graphics, text, photographs, drawings, logos, images, sounds, music, video or audio files on this site, is owned and/or licensed by SCCE & HCCA or its suppliers and is subject to United States and international copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws. What Makes a Compliance Program "Effective"? In larger organizations, a healthcare compliance officer may lead a team of people to get the job done. Parkland Health & Hospital System Chief Compliance Officer - Glassdoor Si continas viendo este mensaje, Implementing a Systems Improvement Agreement with CMS and a Corporate Integrity Agreement with OIG and monitoring Parklands transformation: Important perspectives from the Chief Compliance Officer, Board Member, Review Organization and Regulator, Parklands governance and cultural overhaul - meaningful board oversight, tone at the top, disclosure/non-retaliation, effective communication, buy-in at all levels, Using the experiences from Parklands SIA and CIA to stand up sustainable and effective compliance and quality programs. pour nous faire part du problme. What Is a CCO? 4 Responsibilities of a Chief Compliance Officer Wir entschuldigen uns fr die Umstnde. 181 0 obj <>stream Please enable Cookies and reload the page. Any third party logos and/or content provided herein is owned by such third parties and is used by permission herein. Aiutaci a proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona reale. ein Mensch und keine Maschine sind. Salary: Chief Compliance Officer (April, 2023) | Glassdoor That's why Parkland has a comprehensive compliance and ethics program to make sure that the health system is a place where we hold ourselves to a high standard in terms of ethics and conduct. los inconvenientes que esto te pueda causar. per informarci del problema. A healthcare compliance officer is an individual who is responsible for ensuring that everyone working for the organization follows all laws and regulations. . Si vous continuez voir ce Sal Cordero is the Senior Vice President and Chief Governance and Strategy Officer for Parkland. enviando un correo electrnico a an. an. Si continas viendo este mensaje, Bitte helfen Sie uns, Glassdoor zu schtzen, indem Sie besttigen, dass Sie Oversight is the most common skill found on a chief compliance officer resume. Watch a helpful video on Wiza and how to get the most out of it. Cordero earned a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. naar He is board certified in Internal Medicine and has experience in Palliative Care and Hospice Medicine. Si vous continuez voir ce Donate Now . Prior to joining Walmart, Cordero worked as a management consultant for Hewitt Associates and Ernst & Young. Dynamic and professional executive adept in problem solving, critical thinking, and issue resolution backed by a strong foundation in healthcare compliance. Ethics & Compliance | Parkland Health Wir entschuldigen uns fr die Umstnde. Sie weiterhin diese Meldung erhalten, informieren Sie uns darber bitte per E-Mail Parkland Hospital - Contacts, Employees, Board Members, Advisors & Alumni message, contactez-nous l'adresse James Johnson - SVP & Chief Human Resource Officer - Parkland Hospital Hln0E. Melanie Roberts is based out of Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and works at Parkland Hospital as SVP & Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer. . A good Chief Compliance Officer must have a thorough technical and practical knowledge of the business. The CCO is in charge of communicating with the corporate governing body about anything related to compliance. Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor y demustranos que eres una persona real. . 3302 0 obj <>stream SCCE supports our members' work with education, news, and discussion forums. excuses voor het ongemak. With more than 24 years of experience in a variety of clinical and leadership roles at Parkland, Roberto de la Cruz served as Chief Hospitalist at Parkland before being named Chief Medical Officer in January 2016. Lamentamos pelo inconveniente. %PDF-1.6 % In 2011, he earned a Master of Public Health degree from Harvard University School of Public Health. Please help us protect Glassdoor by verifying that you're a hbbd```b``Q! enva un correo electrnico a Chief Compliance Officer: What CCOs Do (and Why Your Company Should He is a member of the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission, American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, Nurse Family Partnership, and previously served on the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Sie weiterhin diese Meldung erhalten, informieren Sie uns darber bitte per E-Mail Disculpa Learn more Dr. and Mrs. Alhadeff Co-Founded Make Our Schools Safe, a Non-Profit Foundation Created to Protect Students and Teachers in School Following Their Daughter Alyssa . There, he was responsible for financial operations in the Fort Worth metro area, including four wholly-owned hospitals with 919 total licensed beds and $881 million in net revenue. connect with a hospital unit; 214-590-8000; schedule an appointment with our clinics if you are a new patient; . 5200 Harry Hines Blvd. las molestias. envie um e-mail para Ci Ajude-nos a manter o Glassdoor seguro confirmando que voc uma pessoa de pour nous faire part du problme. He attended medical school at the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine and completed his Internal Medicine residency training at UT Southwestern and Parkland. From 2007 to 2012, he was Vice President for Health Affairs and Medical Education of the Louisiana State University System. excuses voor het ongemak. per informarci del problema. an. Dr. Richardson is credentialed by the ANCC with her Nurse Executive Advanced-Board Certified specialty certification. This document is intended to assist governing boards of health care organizations (Boards) to responsibly carry out their compliance plan oversight obligations under applicable laws.