of Islamic law which states in English translation: e4.3 Circumcision is obligatory (O: for both men and women. Malik ibn al-Mundhir) He went to some of the old people [2][4][5][33] In many Muslim communities, khaf is a rite of passage and refers to the excision of female genital organs. Found on the sarcophagus of Sit-Hedj-Hotep, the spell dates to Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c.19911786 BCE). This discourse would be incomplete without highlighting on female circumcision (khafd). ", Anas said, "On the day he was born, I took 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha (this is called HufaaD).". For example test* would result in test, tester, testers, etc. [8][9][10][11], The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. but the imaam turned Female Circumcision in Islam; Can a Muslim lady marry a non Muslim man? al-Bayhaqi in al-Shuab from Umm Atiyyah al-Ansaariyyah that a woman Is there a Hadith regarding female circumcision? Circumcision is a Sunnah (obligation) for men, honour for women This hadith is not reported in the more reliable books of hadith of Bukhari and Muslim and is not even included in Mu'atta of Imam Malik. Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice. [3] It depends on family, region, and country. obligatory for them. Abu Yala narrated that Ali ibn Rabah said: Ibrahim was commanded to circumcise himself, so he circumcised himself with an adze and it was very painful for him. This is the type of female circumcision recognized in Islam, and called . The Prophet said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband." In Iraq and Iran, it's carried out only among the Sunni minorities. The custom is also done in Muslim areas in the Balkans where the celebration is called "Synet". It is also used to describe the site of the circumcision, as in the hadith, "When the two circumcised parts (al-khitanan) meet, ghusl becomes obligatory." In the case of a female the word used is khafad. That this occurred also among Muslims is shown by the following hadith: Various hadith define legal intercourse (for purity purposes) Comparative Index to Islam : CIRCUMCISION This page has been archived and is no longer updated. "'Ngaitana (I will circumcise myself)': Lessons from Colonial Campaigns to Ban Excision in Meru, Kenya", in Bettina Shell-Duncan, Ylva Hernlund, eds.. As cited in an article on FGM dated January 1999 in the website of FGM Network and Message Board: Shehabuddin, Elora (2005). The issue of female circumcision is very contentious. ", Umm 'Alqama related that when the daughters of 'A'isha's brother Malik said, "They should both sacrifice an animal." Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. They rely on sayings that come from classical Shte Muslim scholars. Hence Abd-Allah ibn Abbas was very strict on the issue of circumcision . Al-Haafiz 1. [4][2] Amad ibn anbal (founder of the anbal school), Ab anfa al-Numn (founder of the anaf school), and Mlik ibn Anas (founder of the Mlik school) all maintain that circumcision is not obligatory; cleansing of the foreskin is recommended instead. that the above translation of the Manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) Here, the word pledge will have higher weight than hijrah. BBC - Religions - Islam: Circumcision of boys Arabic; Muslim (349) it is narrated from Aaishah (may Allaah be pleased with metaphor is the circumcised parts of the man and the woman. Matches any set of one or more characters. Contents [2] The Maliki and Shafi'i schools do not differentiate its ruling from that of male circumcision; the former considering it recommended and not obligatory (mandb), whilst the for the latter, it is obligatory (wjib). Fatwa on Female Circumcision - Fiqh Council of North America ", Bilal ibn Ka'b al-'Ukki said, "We - Ibrahim ibn Adham, 'Abdu'l-'Aziz 525 with slight variation in the wording). If the girl is hurt, it is prohibited. another report: Take only a little and do not go to extremes., It is also says is: "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) Said said, "There is a man who has had intercourse An adze (qadum) is a carpenters tool; it was also said that al-Qadum is a place in Syria. which is situated above the opening of the urethra. [2][7][14], According to some adth reports, Muhammad was born without a foreskin (a birth defect and medical condition known as aposthia),[1][2][7] while others maintain that his grandfather, Abd al-Mualib, circumcised him when he was seven days old. to do another hajj." In this book he wrote an extensive chapter in which he spoke of circumcision and the rulings thereon . him peace, was circumcised when he was eighty years old. Muslims are still the largest single religious group to circumcise boys. How circumcision is to be performed is mentioned in the hadith narrated by Umm ", Chapter: Circumcision at an old age, and pulling out armpit hair, , " ". . "" . [3] Male circumcision is widespread in the Muslim world,[3] and accepted as an established practice by all Islamic schools of jurisprudence. Circumcision Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was circumcised when he was eighty years old. I gave him some "Khitaan" in Arabic means the act of circumcising or being circumcised. ", It is reported that al-Hasan said, "Are you not astonished by Therefore, all Muslims - devouts, liberals or seculars - observe this ritual. Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saws) in English and Arabic Sahih al-Bukhari 6298 - Asking Permission - - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( ) He would fast one day and break the fast the next day, I do not think that a man Religious views on female genital mutilation, Samuel Waje Kunhiyop (2008): "Nowhere in all of Scripture or in any of recorded church history is there even a hint that women were to be circumcised.". test* "FAQs: Who are the Dawoodi Bohras?". Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The well-known correct view is that everything covering the glans must be cut. Ibn Qudamah said in al-Mughni (1/115): As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men and it is good in the case of women, but it is not obligatory for them. In fact studying all these chains of narrators benefits a student of the science of hadith by introducing more than 30 problematic and weak narrators of hadith to him/her who are all over these chains of narrators. [78], In Pakistan and India female genital mutilation is practiced by Muslims of the Dawoodi Bohra and Sheedi communities, who believe that it leads to purity. This is the view of Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him). sacrifice an animal." [19] The only Jewish group known to have practiced it are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia.[c]. Ar. It was narrated that Umar said to a woman who circumcised females, Leave some of it if you circumcise (a girl). Al-Khallal said in his Jami: What is cut when circumcising: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn told me that al-Fadl ibn Ziyad told them: Ahmad was asked, How much should be cut in circumcision? Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. Circumcision - - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of concerning circumcision, such as the hadeeth in al-Bukhaari (5891) and A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the authenticity of this hadith. "Circumcision is obligatory (Shaykh 'Umar Barakat: for both men and women. for forty years. ", "Women in small Muslim sect say they have had FGM in Canada", "Nearly 100 Girls May Have Had Genitals Cut by Doctors in Michigan, Prosecutor Says", "I Asked Bohri Women About Their Practice Of Female Genital Cutting Or Female "Khatna" And Here's What They Had To Say", "Female genital mutilation in Pakistan, and beyond", "African Culture, Traditional, Aspects of", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation&oldid=1151825967, "Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons" (, Type II (excision): complete or partial removal of the. the armpits, and using the siwak (arak stick for cleaning the teeth).". Matches any set of one or more characters. 1935. It is most likely that what is referred to in the hadith is the tool. Type III (infibulation): removal of the inner and outer labia and the fusion of the wound, leaving a matchstick-sized hole for the passing of urine and menstrual blood; Type IV: miscellaneous practices, including symbolic nicking. Circumcision - Al-Adab Al-Mufrad - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings with an axe (qadum). [22], FGM is found mostly within and adjacent to Muslim communities. Mohammad Salim al-Awa states that, while the hadith is authentic, it is not evidence of support for FGM. Circumcision was also practised by past prophets. [77] In 2017 two doctors and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in the United States. We do not know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered that his wives or daughters be circumcised, but it is narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a woman who did circumcision in Madeenah as to the proper way of circumcision. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, the chief came to him, 'Amir al-Mu'minin, I have What is the right age for circumcision? - Islam Stack Exchange According to tradition Muhammad was born without a foreskin (aposthetic). [31], Due to the dual gender use of the word khitan in Arabic, female genital mutilation (FGM) is sometimes referred to as khitan by its proponents in an effort to seek justification for the practice in Islamic scriptures. Circumcisions are usually carried out in a clinic or hospital. swore~ '", Aslam, the client of 'Umar, said, "When we came to Syria with 1935. [60], In May 2012, it was reported that the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt was working to decriminalize FGM. (al-Mawsuah al-Fiqhiyyah 19/28). "Five practices are characteristics of the Fitra: circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the moustaches short, clipping the nails, and depilating the hair of the armpits." should be paid, regardless of the difference of opinion among the scholars Circumcision is the Sunnah of Prophet Ibrahim and the prophets after him. Al-Bukhaari Al-Mawsooah al-Fiqhiyyah (19/28). The Arabic word, bazr, from the circumcision hadith, is alternatively translated as prepuce of the clitoris or the clitoris itself. Berkey, J. P. (1996). Circumcision is obligatory in the case of men and Sunnah in the case of women. "Religious Circumcision: A Muslim View". FGM as a practice is nearly universally unknown among the orthodox Shia Muslims. do not go to extremes in circumcising); that is better for the "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", The Islamic Monthly. Muslims believe the removal of the foreksin makes it easier to keep the penis clean because urine can't get trapped there. finished their hajj." Note: I have merely answered your question. Khitan is a noun describing the action of the circumciser (khatin). and none The point is that in the case of males, all the skin covering the tip of the penis should be cut, but in the case of females only a part of the skin that is like a roosters comb at the top of the vagina should be cut. (n.d.): 5455, Malik ibn Anas, Ketab al-mowatta, Volume I, pages 45-47, traditions 70-75. ed. he had a large head of hair. In Malaysia, for example, the operation is a puberty rite that separates the boy from childhood and introduces him to adulthood. [2] Amongst Muslim legal scholars (Ulama), there are differing opinions about the compulsory or non-obligatory status of circumcision in accordance with the Islamic law (shara). It is strongly encouraged but not enforced. Malik said, about a man who had intercourse with his wife during hajj that Umm al-Muhajir said, "I was captured with some girls from Byzantium. as occuring when the circumcized parts cross or touch each other. Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. "Circumcision Circumscribed: Female Excision and Cultural Accommodation in the Medieval Near East". In the male it is also called i'dhar. Atiyah, may Allah be pleased with her, according to which a woman used to perform Muslims are still the largest single religious group to circumcise boys. 6 Tehran: Dar al-kutub al-islamiyyah. were to kiss his wife and no emission were to occur from that, he would only (3), Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation' by, For more details on the above fatwas and more on the background of the issue and its medical considerations look at ', Muhammad Munir published in International Review of Law (2014) and '. ' rather it is Sunnah and is an honour for them. [45] In a reported narration Muhammad made female genital cutting optional, but he warned against harming women. Fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] and leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. Boosts words with higher relevance. "[35] Type III FGM became linked to slavery. Fuzzy Search e.g. narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a Umm 'Alqama related that when the daughters of 'A'isha's brother Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account I took two muslim witnesses and the girl's guardian to the local mosque. him peace, and I fed them and they made supplication. sacrificed a ram on our behalf. Ibn al-Sabbagh said in al-Shamil: What is obligatory in the case of a man is to cut the skin on the tip of the penis until the entire glans becomes visible. But it's not true that it's an old Arabic custom, because there are hieroglyphics in Egypt showing that ancient Egyptians use to practice circumcision. None of the chains of narrators of this hadith are defect-less. `Umdat as-Salik by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1386), because he was fasting. [1] However, there are other adth which don't name circumcision as part of the characteristics of fitra,[2][17] and yet another adth which names ten characteristics, again without naming circumcision;[2] in Sahih Muslim, Aisha, one of Muhammad's wives, is quoted with saying: "The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Ten are the acts according to fitra: clipping the mustache, letting the beard grow, using toothpicks, snuffing water in the nose, cutting the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving pubic hair and cleaning one's private parts with water. [30], Islamic scriptures do not fix a particular time for circumcision. [20][83] The Beta Israel were not familiar with the Talmud, the Mishnah, and other religious scripture, and read and spoke little or no Hebrew. and others are of the view that circumcising women is obligatory. well-formed?' Related. the husband. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Note first n: remark by the translator; The following traditions are found in Malik's Muwatta: Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heard Said "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", The Guardian. For example test* would result in test, tester, testers, etc. Could you tell us what circumcision is and how and where it is done? Is there a Hadith which specifically mentions female circumcision? (Book 20, Number 20.46.161). Create your own unique website with customizable templates. [87] The practice is forbidden in the Bah' Faith.[88]. We do not The difference between them is that in the case of men, it serves an interest which has to do with one of the conditions of prayer, namely purity (taharah), because if the foreskin remains, when the urine comes out of the urethra, some of it will collect there, and this causes burning and infection every time the person moves, and every time the foreskin is squeezed, some drops of urine come out, thus causing najasah (impurity). husband several times during hajj or umra out of obedience to him only has Hefner, Robert (1985). window.__mirage2 = {petok:"xVsF4tydGBzFHxpo02G0TmoEylr5mDjeg1ZmmUFT8oQ-1800-0"}; is not obligatory but sunna, while Hanafis consider it a mere courtesy to [d] Christian authorities agree that the practice has no foundation in Christianity's religious texts, and Christian missionaries in Africa were at the forefront of efforts to stop it. 'Adi was sent for and he came to them. seemingly not considered a very respected person in society, or someone who has intercourse with his wife while he is in ihram?" There is a widespread view among practitioners of female genital mutilation (FGM) that it is a religious requirement,[1][2][3][7] although prevalence rates often vary according to geography and ethnic group. He went on, 'I made a lot of supplication The child licked his lips. a group of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant Finds terms that are similar in spelling. Retrieved 16 April 2017. a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the Fuzzy Search e.g. used to do circumcision in Madeenah, and the Prophet (peace and Click the link below to subscribe to our newsletter and get all the latest from Hadith Answers. 'Yes,' I replied. Another sound (sahih) hadith, which is used to support female circumcision, concerns the fitrah of Islamic practice. response to a question regarding female circumcision: Ibn Qudamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said, in his book al-Mughni: her while she is doing umra, she must repeat the umra she has spoiled and "Circumcision is obligatory for men, and it is an honour for women, but it is not [3] The preferred age is usually seven, although some Muslims are circumcised as early as on the seventh day after birth and as late as at the commencement of puberty. practice of circumcizing women was widespread among the pagan Arabs For the majority of Muslims, circumcision is seen as an introduction to the Islamic faith and a sign of belonging. The Sunnah is not to cut all [30] Spell 1117 of the Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts may refer to an uncircumcised girl ('m't), although there is disagreement about the word's meaning. Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was in this mosque [31][32] The examination of mummies has shown no evidence of FGM. "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", BBC News, 18 January 2010. One hadith from the Sunan Abu Dawood collection states: "A woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. I.e. Wildcards e.g.