His mother was given the tiara on her own wedding day by Tsar Nicholas II . She gave this star tiara to Victoria, complete with diamond and pearl stars that looked just like the original jewels given to her by Queen Victoria in 1884. Stars Wedding Tiara | Diamant Sterne als Hochzeits Diadem>>, Princess Alice of Greece | Aquamarine Parure| Faberge| Jewels| ImperialWedding Gift of the Czar, Prinzessin Alice von Battenberg | Aquamarin Parure Schmuck Faberge| Hochzeitsgeschenk des Zaren, The Meghan Markle chose a demure look, wearing a simple boat-neck A-line dress from Givenchy. Zara Tindall's wedding tiara was 'borrowed' from Princess Anne . Is Prince Andrew Moving to Frogmore Cottage? When her son married the then Princess Elizabeth in 1947, Princess Alice gave the Meander Tiara to her daughter-in-law as a gift. Die Vermhlung des Prinzen Andreas von Griechenland mit Prinzessin Alice von Battenberg. Her father, King George, insisted the couple wait to announce their engagement until the princess, barely 20, was older. The groom's best man was David Mountbatten, the Marquess of Milford Haven. she had so much trauma in her life and suffered with mental health issues but constantly worked to help others less fortunate. The Prince worked with London jeweler Philip Antrobus Ltd. to design it himself, and even went one step further: he selected additional stones from the tiara and turned them into a wide diamond bracelet for the Queen, which he gave to her as a wedding gift. The royal family released a statement at the time, which read: "It is with deep sorrow that Her Majesty The Queen announces the death of her beloved husband, His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.". Gold Armspange mit Aquamarin kaufen - verkaufen - ankaufen >>, Prinzessin Alice von Battenberg | Aquamarin Parure Schmuck | Zarengeschenk Faberge, Princess Alice of Greece | Imperial Aquamarine Parure |Romanov Jewels, Marriage Princess Alice of Battenberg | Royal Greece | Aquamarine Parure| Wedding Gift Czar |Jewel History, Wedding Princess Victoria of Hesse | To mark the Anniversary, we are featuring her last surviving jewel, the Meander Tiara now belonging to Princess Anne, which is one of my own personal favourite designs. His mother was given the tiara on her own wedding day by Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra of Russia, the last rulers of the Russian Empire. Princess Alice continued to wear her Diamond Palmette Tiara at glittering events for decades, remaining an active, through largely out of the limelight, member of the royal family. Sign up for The Court Jeweller Newsletter, whose 1946 wedding we covered here earlier this week, Crown Princess Mary of Denmark Sparkles in India, The Princess of Waless Heavenly Pearl Earrings, Bejeweled Battle: Swedens Gorgeous Aquamarine Kokoshnik Tiara, Beautiful Birthday Pearls for Japans Imperial Family in Tokyo, An English Rose Brooch for the Princess of Wales in Cardiff. A nation so traumatized by war that its people looked askance at extravagant weddingsand at dynastic couplings in general. This sentimental tradition has been carried out by royal brides like Kate Middleton, Meghan Markle, Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie. Sign up on The Knot to reach more couples and book more weddings! Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Princess Alice was low on the totem pole, but her connection to Victoria ensured she'd end up embroiled in Europe's messy game of thrones before long. When Princess Victoria married Prince Louis of Battenberg in 1884, she received a major haul of jewelry from her royal relatives. Featuring diamonds in a Greek key design, with a central laurel wreath and a large diamond, and two diamond honeysuckles, the Meander Tiara was probably made by Cartier, and while it is unknown how it was acquired, the Tiara was earliest worn for a series of portraits in 1914, a year after the death of her father-in-law, King George I of Greece, when Prince Andrew would have received an inheritance. A post shared by The Royal Watcher (@the_royal_watcher). A royal suitor "handsome as any film star" who provoked suspicion. She left the star tiara, along with the rest of the jewels, in Russia. Of course everyone could see his attraction. The new tiara was the most important jewel that Princess Victoria had left after the war. The design suggests an early twentieth century creation, and indeed, Geoffrey Munn argues that the tiara was made around the turn of the century in France, perhaps by Cartier. .css-1du65oy{color:#323232;display:block;font-family:NewParis,Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.3125rem;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1du65oy:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.2;}}Holy Oil Ready For King Charles's Coronation, Harry & Meghan Reportedly in Talks Over Frogmore, Charles & Camila Will Visit France & Germany, William & Kate Reunite with Norwegian Royals, Kate Recreated a Past Outfit for St. David's Day, Royals Confirmed to Attend Charles's Coronation. . Just before the wedding, he was named Duke of Edinburgh. Luckily, the royal jeweler was on standby to fix it. Artdeko Smaragd Brillant Diamant Halsband >>, The Diamond Tiara ||Vicreine of India Countess of Burma Countess Mountbatten Royal Jewel History | Mountbatten Diadem>>, The The four-foot dessert was decorated with the arms of both families, as well as monograms for the bride and groom. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'royalwatcherblog_com-box-4','ezslot_13',627,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-royalwatcherblog_com-box-4-0'); Princess Alice also wore the Tiara on numerous occasions and for several portraits when the Earl of Athlone served as Governor General of Canada during the Second World War, and on their return to the United Kingdom, the Diamond Palmette Tiara was worn at theCoronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, as well as for Queen Julianas Inauguration Gala and Gala Performance in 1948. The diamonds themselves actually date back to the very end of Romanov dynasty. Sign up for The Court Jeweller Newsletter, Sparkling Royal Jewels From Around the World, 06.09.2018 by The Court Jeweller // Leave a Comment. Always indifferent to clothes and fond of economizing, the Duke of Edinburgh brushed off his naval uniform and reportedly wore darned socks to Westminster Abbey. Her bouquet was made of white orchids and a sprig of myrtle, a tradition started by Queen Victoria. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Brillant Diamant Halsband >>, Art-deco Emerald - Brillant Diamond Necklace |Vicereine of India Countess of Burma Countess Mountbatten Royal Jewel History | Most of the tiaras in the British royal collection arrived in Windsor hands through members of Queen Elizabeth IIs family, especially Queen Alexandra, Queen Mary, and the Queen Mum. She opted to wear the Queen Mary Fringe Tiara, her "something borrowed" gift from The Queen Mother. Patricia Mountbatten wears the tiara on her wedding day The next generation has also had its issues, including stru with addiction. But he was "unpolished," arrogant, destitute, andperhaps worst of all for a country just emerging from World War Twohe was "too German. 1903 heiratete Prinzessin Alice den Prinzen Andreas von Griechenland, den vierten Sohn des Knigs Konstantin und Bruder der Knige Alexander und Georg II. received it as a wedding gift in 1947 from Princess Alice of Battenberg who originally acquired it after she married Prince Andrew of . Queen Elizabeth's wedding flowers were heavily influenced by royal history. In 1947, Philip proposed with a three-carat round diamond engagement ring, consisting of a center stone flanked by 10 smaller pave diamonds. If you have corrections, more info, or better pictures please let me know in the comments. The seventh out of the eleven children of King Nicholas I and Queen Milena of Montenegro, Princess Anna was born in 1874 and grew up in the small Balkan Principality, which became a Kingdom in 1910, before being educated in Russia under the care of the Tsar. It consisted of a superb tiara, necklace, brooch, and bracelet of diamonds of the purest water, mixed with pale green aquamarine stones. Had Elizabeth not become queen only a few years later, this tiara might have been a perfect piece for a princess. "Anne's mother, Queen Elizabeth received it as a wedding gift in 1947 from Princess Alice of Battenberg who originally acquired it after she married Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark in 1903. Her go-to diadem is the Meander Tiara, one that she inherited via her father, the late Duke of Edinburgh. So, why worry about that?" Its wonderful that, even though they auctioned off Edwinas fabulous diamond tiara a decade ago, the family has managed to keep this tiara in their collection. The bracelet is geometric in design, featuring three large white brilliant cut diamonds with three square links connected by vertical sections and set in platinum. But what did Queen Elizabeth's wedding dress look like? if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'royalwatcherblog_com-banner-1','ezslot_2',648,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-royalwatcherblog_com-banner-1-0'); Princess Alice of Battenberg, the mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . He agreed under the condition that the proposal would remain a secret until Elizabeth's 21st birthday. Prince Philip's mother made a heartfelt sacrifice to help her son create the ring of his dreams. Instead, the tiara was handed over to Princess Anne, who still owns the piece today. After her Aquamarine Tiara (a wedding gift from her uncle, the Tsar) was dismantled to create the Engagement Ring and Wedding Bracelet, Princess Andrew gave her Meander Tiara to her daughter-in-law, the current Queen Elizabeth II, who was never publicly pictured wearing the piece. Edwina was photographed in the tiara by Cecil Beaton for Vogue in 1937. Admirers of the young royal even sent her their own coupons through the mail, but they had to be returned because it was illegal to transfer them. Louis and Victoria married on April 30, 1884 at Darmstadt. Next she had two more emeralds added and finally she had five of the emeralds placed in a kokoshnik style tiara with diamond "E"s surrounding the emeralds. Its present location is unknown. The dress was inspired by Botticelli's famous painting Primavera, as seen through motifs of star lilies and orange blossoms. Sign up for The Court Jeweller Newsletter, Sparkling Royal Jewels From Around the World, 06.17.2017 by The Court Jeweller // Leave a Comment. The day after the wedding, the flowers were transported back to Westminster Abbey where they were laid at the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior. It might be hard to imagine the famously unfussy royal in a diadem but she does wear one, and its one of the most beautiful in the Royal Familys collection, Joy for Pippa and James Matthews as their seven-month-old daughter is christened at village church, Earl Spencer shares touching childhood photo of his late mother from his personal archives, Prince and Princess of Wales host Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway at Windsor Castle. Jewel History: Now Married Three Times (1903) Darmstadt, Oct. 7 In the presence of a notable gathering, which included an Emperor, an Empress, a King, and two Queens, the marriage of Princess Alice of Battenberg [1] and Prince Andreas of Greece [2] was celebrated today according to the rites of the Lutheran and Greek churches. Their wedding was planned in just four months. When her younger son, Lord Louis Mountbatten, married Edwina Ashley in 1922, Victoria gave him the new star tiara to present to his bride as a wedding gift. Diamond Palmette Tiara|Teck Ears of Wheat Tiara|Pearl and Diamond Tiara|Teck Sapphire Stomacher|Pearl and Diamond Corsage Brooch|The Jewels of Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone. Prince Philip, for his part, has never worn a wedding ring. At the time, the princess was just eight years old. The lavish confection was baked with ingredients from around the world, like sugar from the Girl Guides in Australia. Transcripts from The Royal Family's website reveal exactly what the father of the bride wrote. During the fighting, to the dismay of the British, she insisted on walking the streets distributing rations to policemen and children in contravention of the curfew order. The ceremony was broadcast on the radio to millions of listeners, and there were 2,500 guests at Westminster, including six kings and seven queens. Luckily, the pearl necklaces are seen in Queen Elizabeth's wedding pictures because her private secretary was able to get them in time for her formal portraits. #meandertiara #princessaliceofbattenberg #history #tiara #greece #royalty #europeanroyalty #followme #followforfollow #royalhistory, A post shared by Englands Royal Family (@englandsroyalfamily) on Jan 20, 2017 at 12:54pm PST, Princess Andrew's Meander Tiara: https://t.co/FAhwLERioO pic.twitter.com/xsXXIBZr4m. We spent a lot of the last month here discussing British royal wedding tiaras, and today, Ive got a deep dive into the history of one of the most fascinating of them all: the diamond meander bandeau that belonged to Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark. Princess Andrew's Meander Tiara: https://t.co/FAhwLERioO pic.twitter.com/4HhJP5yzRl, Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark (Princess Alice of Battenberg, Mother of Prince Philip of Battenberg) wore her diamond meander tiara with a pair of horseshoe-shaped hair combs in a portrait, 1915 Princess Alice gave the tiara to her daughter in law, Queen Elizabeth, as a wedding gift. In 1946, Philip asked Elizabeth's father, King George VI, for her hand in marriage. While he'd been taken in by English relatives in his youth, his four sisters all married German princes. Okt. God Bless Her . The only obstacle that remained was money. (Even if you've already binge-watched The Crown, these tidbits might surprise you.) There are British royal tiaras, and then there are, well, British royal tiaras. The story of the Edinburgh Wedding Bracelet - a romantic gift befitting a future Queen. The diamondsa center stone flanked by 10 smaller pave diamondswere originally part of a tiara owned by Prince Philip's mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg, who was Queen Victoria's great-granddaughter. The road to that wedding, on November 20, 1947, was not perfectly smooth. "The days of intermarriage of royalty have passed," intoned an editorial. The parure was set in light graceful Empire style, and was remarkable even among the magnificent jewellery which the young bride received from many other distinguished relatives." Heres hoping that, even after Patricias death, the Mountbattens will be able to hang on to this version of their star tiara for a while longer. Every item on this page was chosen by a Town & Country editor. Check out pics and videos here. Princess Alice married Prince Andrew of Greece in 1903. But both collections were lost after the Bolsheviks took over, and neither the Romanian nor the Battenberg jewels have ever been seen again. Dont Miss a Single Sparkling Moment! Now, over 70 years later, Queen Elizabeth's wedding pictures continue to prove that the lavish affair was simply unforgettable. Mountbatten Jewels |Historic Royal Imperial Diamond Jewelry |Mountbatten Schmuck >>, Royal Pearls This appears to be one of the only photographs of the original star tiara. Had Elizabeth not become queen only a few years later, this tiara might have been a perfect piece for a princess. Princess Alice Creation: This tiara was dismantled to create the engagement ring and wedding gift bracelet given by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh to Queen Elizabeth II. Showing Editorial results for princess alice of battenberg. We most recently saw the tiara in public during Alexandras wedding last summer. Enter your name and email address below to subscribe to our weekly newsletter! The Meander tiara worn by Princess Alice of Battenburg, the mother of our recent Duke of Edinburgh. The tiara can be worn without the aquamarines at the peaks, making a semi-high diadem with only the diamond-set circles with longitudinal struts. Many of Philip's new countrymen were wary of the match. It was these Romanov diamonds which Prince Philip used when he helped design the engagement ring and the Edinburgh Wedding Bracelet to give to his future wife. Royalgifts and Imperial presents | Hochzeit Milford-Haven, Amethyst Tiara Princess Victoria . Pictures of Queen Elizabeth's wedding dress showcase Harntell's opulent design. An active, full-time working member of the Royal Family for 98 years, Princess Alice attended countless glittering occasions for decades, often wearing this Diamond Palmette Tiara! Sie auch die Seiten unseres Sponsors: Gold Armspange mit Aquamarin kaufen - verkaufen - ankaufen >>. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Now, pieces of it lie on the ring finger of the British monarch. But theres been drama in recent years. While speeches are common at royal wedding receptions and luncheons, the bride's father, King George VI, expressed his thoughts in a private letter. Atom When HRH Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark proposed to Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom in 1946, he entrusted Philip Antrobus of London to make not only the engagement ring but also a gift in the form of an Art Deco inspired diamond bracelet. Plus, thousands of royal fans lined the streets of London to celebrate the special day. Since then I have covered over 500 tiaras in encyclopedia style posts. Princess Andrews Meander Tiara Is a Heavenly Tiara. The couple obliged, and their engagement was formally announced on July 9, 1947. This was deemed illegal, though, and all coupons were returned. Sarah has a degree in journalism and resides in New York City. Princess Alice of Battenberg was the consort of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark. Hulton Archive/Getty Images She married into the Greek royal. The Royal Order of Sartorial Splendor - Princess Andrew's Tiara, Royal Magazin - Princess Alice of Greece's Aquamarine Jewels, Post Comments There were plenty of murmurings against Philip. This was the wedding of the future monarch, so anonymity was out of the question. They began secretly exchanging letters, and Elizabeth allegedly fell in love shortly into their relationship. Viceroy and the Vicereine at the coronation | India Coronation Jewelry Anlsslich der Krnung>>, Grand Duchess Helena Diamond Bandeau | Greece Royal Jewels | Imperial Jewel of the Romanov, Diamond Princess Alice of Battenberg Getty Images The diamonds themselves actually date back to the very end of Romanov dynasty. While getting ready at Buckingham Palace on the morning of her wedding, Queen Elizabeth's tiara snapped. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy. Sadly, that star tiara no longer exists. In September 1943, the German Army occupied Athens, where a minority of Greek Jews had sought refuge. Plus, our favorite photos from the original royal nuptials. The ring's stones were originally part of a tiara that belonged to Prince Philip's mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg. In 1946 he proposed in Scotland and she immediately said yes. Today, Penny and Alexandra are the two Mountbatten women who primarily wear the tiara. The piece was dismantled; some of the stones were used to create Elizabeth's engagement ring, while others were used to make the piece we're discussing today: the diamond bracelet he offered his new wife as a wedding present. Sadly, that star tiara no longer exists. One newspaper polled its readers about Queen Elizabeth and Philip's engagement and 40 percent were against it. Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone VA GCVO GBE GCStJ (Alice Mary Victoria Augusta Pauline; 25 February 1883 - 3 January 1981) was a member of the British royal family.She is the longest-lived British princess of royal blood, and was the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria.Princess Alice was the chatelaine of Rideau Hall in Ottawa from 1940 until 1946, while her husband Alexander . Rumor had it the dress was inspired by a Botticelli painting from 1482. But the romance of the attractive young couple eventually won the necessary hearts. Help came in the form of a diamond tiara owned by his mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg. Both of Queen Elizabeth's wedding rings have significant sentimental value. Sie auch die Seiten unseres Sponsors: A very young princess, determined to marry for love. Yes, Bella Swan's 'Twilight' gown is one. Princess Alice of Battenberg had been given a diamond and aquamarine tiara upon her marriage to Prince Andrew of Greece in 1903 by her aunt and uncle - Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra of Russia. When her younger son, Lord Louis Mountbatten, married Edwina Ashley in 1922, Victoria gave him the new star tiara to present to his bride as a wedding gift. Later, Philip's mother suffered from mental illness and his father left her to live in France with a mistress. There are few jewellery collections to rival that of Queen Elizabeth II, but this token of love is believed to be one of her favourite pieces, perhaps proven by the fact that she has been seen wearing it on many significant occasions throughout their 73-year marriage including their official 25th year wedding anniversary portrait in 1972 and her Diamond Jubilee portrait in 2012. Princess Alice gifted her son the tiara in preparation for his proposal. "One of the most beautiful wedding presents received by Princess Alice of Battenberg, for the occasion of her wedding in 1903, was the gift of the Czar and Czarina of Russia. In the late 1960s, around the time Princess Alice came to live with the British Royal Family at Buckingham Palace, the Meander Tiara was given to Princess Anne, who wore the piece for many of her initial tiara appearances and in latter years. We've looked at lots of sparklers from the Windsor royal vaults, but today, we're going to marvel at a tiara from another British family with royal roots: the Mountbattens. Princess Alice died at Buckingham Palace on December 5 . The diamond bracelet, whose origins can be traced back to the Romanovs, was given to the then Princess Elizabeth by her fianc, Prince Philip, The Queen and Prince Philips love story in pictures, Joy for Pippa and James Matthews as their seven-month-old daughter is christened at village church, Earl Spencer shares touching childhood photo of his late mother from his personal archives, Prince and Princess of Wales host Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway at Windsor Castle, When the Duchess of Cambridge borrowed from the Queen's jewellery collection, The Queen, with Prince Philip, wearing the Edinburgh wedding bracelet at the opening of Canadian Parliament in Ontario, Canada, 1957, Ed Clark / The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, The Queen, seen wearing the bracelet, with Prince Philip during celebrations for their Silver Wedding anniversary, 1972, Dennis Oulds / Central Press/Getty Images, The Duchess of Cambridge wearing the bracelet at the 70th EE British Academy Film Awards at the Royal Albert Hall in London, 2017, Daniel Leal-Olivas- WPA Pool / Getty Images. During World War II, Princess Alice lived in the Athens palace of her brother in law, Prince George of Greece, and worked with the Swedish and Swiss Red Cross. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Kokoshnik of Grand Duchess Helena Vladimirovna| Romanov Tiara | The Yugoslavian Diamond Kokoshnik CHAUMET Tiara | Princess Olga, Faberge Sapphire & Diamond Brooch Romanov Jewelry | Grand Duchess Helena Vladimirovna |Royal Imperial Jewels Princess of Greece, Romanov Sapphire & Diamond Brooch Earrings Set |Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia|Romanov Jewel History|Princess Nicolas of Greece| Cluster Brooch Set. Afterward, the bride and groom left the abbey for a wedding breakfast at Buckingham Palace. Sources: Bozener Nachrichten; Hamburger Brsennachrichten; Walsall Advertiser 1903, Besuchen The Story Behind Queen Elizabeth's Engagement Ring, Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip's Cutest Moments, Holy Oil Ready For King Charles's Coronation, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. View theroyalwatchers profile on Facebook, View the_royal_watchers profile on Instagram, View saadandayeshas profile on Pinterest, Princess Alice of Greece, the fascinating mother of the Duke of Edinburgh, who was born a Battenberg Princess before marrying Prince Andrew of Greece, Grace Kelly - Princess Grace of Monaco - Bains de Mer Tiara - Royal Jewels Documentary, Aquamarine Tiara (a wedding gift from her uncle, the Tsar), only daughter Zara Phillips, for her wedding to Mike Tindall in Edinburgh, recently at the Dutch State Banquet last year, Details of King Charles and Queen Camilla's State Visits to France and Germany, The Jewels of Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone. His mother had been given the tiara on her wedding day by Tsar. Diamant Halsband >>, Emerald - Brillant Diamond Necklace |Vicereine of India Countess of Burma Countess Mountbatten Royal Jewel History | Smaragd The tiara is made of diamonds, and the Greek key design is punctuated by a central laurel wreath element and two honeysuckle elements. . The diamond and pearl star tiara is actually the second of two similar tiaras owned by the family. Follow Town & Country on Facebook for more stories like this. The creators also included sugar figures of the couple's favorite activities, as well as their regimental and naval badges. Bennifer is married and better than ever. 25 Feb/23. Prince Philips mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg had been given a diamond and aquamarine tiara upon her marriage to Prince Andrew of Greece in 1903 by her aunt and uncle Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra of Russia. The late Queen Elizabeth II wore it on her wedding day in 1947 at. She was congenitally deaf. Sarah is an Associate Digital Editor for The Knot, with special focuses on features, pop culture and wedding trends. The luxe fabric was embellished with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls. Before joining The Knot Worldwide, Sarah was a contributing writer for Bravo at NBC Universal. Queen Elizabeth II even got her husband a special gift for their platinum anniversary in the form of a knighthood. The majority (about 60,000 out of a total population of 75,000) were deported to Nazi concentration camps, where all but 2,000 died.

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