Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions: Part A. T2 relaxation, also known as spin-spin relaxation or transverse relaxation, refers to the progressive dephasing of spinning dipoles resulting in decay in the magnetization in the transverse plane (Mxy). Get answers from Diagnostic Radiologists and top U.S. doctors, Our doctors evaluate, diagnose, prescribe, order lab tests, and recommend follow-up care. Many of the lesions may not be causing obvious symptoms. 2020 Jul;16(3):369-375. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.369. What causes increased signal in the normal supraspinatus tendon? T2 images are a map of proton energy within fatty AND water-based tissues of the body Fatty tissue is distinguished from water-based tissue by comparing with the T1 images - anything that is bright on the T2 images but dark on the T1 images is fluid-based tissue Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. In spin echo sequences, immediately after the 90 pulse, all the spinning dipoles within the slice are exactly in phase. There is mild heterogeneous t2 signal change within the supraspinatus and subscapularis.what does that mean? and now this .What is going on with me? 2008 Dec;52(6):535-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2008.02017.x. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. I have a had a kidney cyst since 2009. National Library of Medicine 2018 Sep;59(9):460-464. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2018109. There is also mild susceptibility differences between bone and soft tissue that could contribute to a dark appearance at interfaces, as between marrow and bone trabecula. Remember that bright doesn't mean "compared to the rest of the scan," it means "compared to how that area is supposed to look." We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. How to detect T2 prolongation in skeletal muscle? A 79-year-old male asked about a 79-year-old male: Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. Farr's physics for medical imaging. Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. An increase in T2 signal intensity is often associated with chronic compression of the spinal cord, and it is well established that chronic compression results in structural changes to the spinal cord. 2021 May 27;7(1):46. doi: 10.1038/s41394-021-00411-8. Hope this helped and do keep us posted. This is related to the rate of rotation and translation of the water molecule or adjacent dipoles. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. While the overall length of stay in the hospital was similar between patients with and without an increase in the T2 signal intensity (12.5 vs 10.3 days, respectively, p = 0.22), patients with an increased T2 signal intensity spent significantly more time in the ICU, and there was a strong trend toward an increased length of dependence on . What is increased T2 signal on MRI report? A tesla 3 mri w & w/o gad found patchy t2 prolongation in the pons which was more prominent than my 2013 mri. How to detect T2 prolongation in skeletal muscle? 2000 Nov;10(4):689-704 ,viii. By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. I have been hospitalized 3 times with rhabdo with a CPK of 7715. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. i am only 44, what could this be? Sufficient damage to the axons that course through WMH can cause adequate interference with normal neuronal functions. 1.2 x 0.5" No associated pathological enhancement after contract administered. How to use prolong in a sentence. The authors present an algorithmic approach to evaluating intrinsic abnormality of . [9] Severe WMH is consistently shown to be associated with gait disorders, impaired balance and cognitive disturbances. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. neurologist isn't worried. I received my MRI result today. For example, deep white matter hyperintensites are 2.5 to 3 times more likely to occur in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder than control subjects. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Bashir U, Rock P, Murphy A, et al. How to use prolonged in a sentence. RE: differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions. Content on HealthTap (including answers) should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and interactions on HealthTap do not create a doctor-patient relationship. [10][11] Pathological signs of oligodendritic apoptosis and damage to axonal projections have been evident. They are all conncected. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. As motion, and therefore the local field fluctuations, decreases below the Larmor frequency in tissues and tendons,dipoles that are aligned with the main magnetic field start contributing to T2 relaxation by causing local variations in precession rate. T2 weighting tends to require long TE and TR times. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Senol MG, Sonmez G, Ozdag F, Saracoglu M. Do-Dai DD, Brooks MK, Goldkamp A, Erbay S, Bhadelia RA. The volume and frequency is strongly associated with increasing age. Fortunately, some treatments can prevent up to 90% of these lesions from forming. . It goes on to say otherwise unremarkable. In solutions of macromolecules and tissues the relaxation rate is much faster, i.e., the T2 time is shorter. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. These foci were not related to cognitive function or cerebrovascular risk factors; instead, they were highly correlated to age, being present in 11 of 11 subjects aged 75 years and over. We report the radiologic-histopathologic concordance between T2/FLAIR WMHs and neuropathologically confirmed demyelination in the periventricular, perivascular . I would want to know if you had an elevated CRP, sed rate or a positive ANA test. Appointments 866.588.2264 Appointments & Locations For example, a brainstem lesion can cause room spinning sensations and balance problems. A: When making the diagnosis of MS, brain and cervical spinal cord MRIs should be obtained in all cases unless specific contraindications. 2015 Dec;53(12):842-8. doi: 10.1038/sc.2015.110. T2 reflects the length of time it takes for the MR signal to decay in the transverse plane. T2 (transverse relaxation time) is the time constant which determines the rate at which excited protons reach equilibrium or go out of phase with each other. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. 2. What is the grading scale for supraspinatus tendinopathy? Speed of cognitive processes and frontal skills may also be impaired in people with WMH. Stark DD, Bradley WG, Bradley WG. Rest. It says: Without treatment, supraspinatus tendonitis can take up to 6 months to heal. It is a measure of the time taken for spinning protons to lose phase coherence among the nuclei spinning perpendicular to the main field. It could be a simple kidney cyst. [7], White matter hyperintensities can be caused by a variety of factors including ischemia, micro-hemorrhages, gliosis, damage to small blood vessel walls, breaches of the barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, or loss and deformation of the myelin sheath. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. T2/FLAIR lesions can directly account for some symptoms. Does contrast MRI show nerve damage? Foci of increased T2 signal intensity were found on brain MR scans in 16 (59%) of 27 healthy elderly volunteer subjects, ages 63 to 86 years old. Usually this is due to an increased water content of the tissue. Saunders Ltd. (2007) ISBN:0702028444. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The result is that the Mxy component of the magnetic vector decreases exponentially as a function of the T2 time constant (Figure 1). They are all conncected. T2 relaxation occurs due to tissue-particular characteristics, primarily those that affect the rate of movement of protons, most of which are found in water molecules. i have been morbidly obese most of my life recently losing over a hundred pounds but still no improvement. An abnormal prolongation can be associated with metabolic problem. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 2009 Dec;53(6):558. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2009.02123.x. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. A hyperintensity or T2 hyperintensity is an area of high intensity on types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a human or of another mammal that reflect lesions produced largely by demyelination and axonal loss. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. These small regions of high intensity are observed on T2 weighted MRI images (typically created using 3D FLAIR) within cerebral white matter (white matter lesions, white matter hyperintensities or WMH)[1][2] or subcortical gray matter (gray matter hyperintensities or GMH). Hyperintensities are commonly divided into 3 types depending on the region of the brain where they are found. What is the grading scale for supraspinatus tendinopathy? what does "increased t2 prolongation involving the right midbrain" mean on his mri? T2/FLAIR images show the total amount of scar from MS from its onset. Misdiagnosis of spinal subacute combined degeneration in a patient with elevated serum B12 concentration and sensory deficit level. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following. To the right are images of a brain tumor with intrinsically long T1 and T2 values having opposite intensities on T1- and T2-weighted images. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. Also how common are such findings that are "nonspecific"? Imaging of the spine in multiple sclerosis. People who have risk factors for cardiovascular disease also have a greater risk of developing white matter disease. but no futher study has taken place. What does "increased T2 prolongation involving the right midbrain" mean on his MRI? QT prolongation is the medical term for an extended interval between the heart contracting and relaxing. Cervical (neck) spinal cord T2/FLAIR lesions could cause tingling and numbness in the hands and legs. Mri brain was done it showed scattered white matter foci of increased t2 prolongation. The hyperintense lesion could be due to a cyst or tumor. thanks. Carroll T, Smith CD, Liu X, Bonaventura B, Mann N, Liu J, Ebraheim NA. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. Certainly, these findings are not diagnostic for any entity, and may represent old head injury, prior cigarette smoking, or even changes in arteries a to start having migraine at 41. and transmitted securely. At the time the article was created Usman Bashir had no recorded disclosures. Simple kidney cysts are more common as people age. protracted litigation. It really concerns me since i seem to be having a number of issues. ), An index system for comparative parameter weighting in MR imaging, New options for increasing the sensitivity, specificity and scope of synergistic contrast magnetic resonance imaging (scMRI) using Multiplied, Added, Subtracted and/or FiTted (MASTIR) pulse sequences, Pulse sequences as tissue property filters (TP-filters): a way of understanding the signal, contrast and weighting of magnetic resonance images. Just got my MRI report. One of the major challenges associated with the T2 assessment according to the RANO criteria is the differentiation between T2-progress and other causes of T2 signal increase, such as edema, radiation effects, decreased corticosteroid dosing, seizures, postoperative changes, or even ischemic injury. My MRI states: There is a single region of three foci of T2 prolongation within the white matter. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. Punctate focus of t2 prolongation in the left centrum semiovale, What does it mean there is focal abnormal t2 and t1 prolongation. "The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis", "White matter hyperintensities and imaging patterns of brain ageing in the general population", "Meta-analysis, Database, and Meta-regression of 98 Structural Imaging Studies in Bipolar Disorder", "Testing the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis of cognitive aging", "Volume of white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults: contribution of age, vascular risk factors, and inflammation-related genetic variants", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, "Medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities are associated with mild cognitive deficits in non-disabled elderly people: The LADIS study", "Regional white matter hyperintensities: aging, Alzheimer's disease risk, and cognitive function", "A New Visual Rating Scale to Assess Strategic White Matter Hyperintensities Within Cholinergic Pathways in Dementia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperintensity&oldid=1140382689, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 21:27. You have brain structures that show up white on MRI in this area. Pathological tissue usually has more water than normal brain so this is a good type to scan to pick this up. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following, The Best IOL for 2022 RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, Will refractive surgery such as LASIK keep me out of glasses all my life, what is scattered signal hyperintensities in the deep left frontal white matter, T2 Hyperintense signal in the distal sacrm. Intramedullary cord hyperintensity at T2-weighted MRI is a common imaging feature of disease in the spinal cord, but it is nonspecific. Resting the shoulder and upper arm is necessary at the first sign of pain from an injury. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. In people with Alzheimer's, higher WMH are associated with higher amyloid beta deposits, possibly associated with small vessel disease and reduced amyloid beta clearance.[11]. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. Particular features of the focal lesions on MR images (number, size, location, presence or lack of edema, reaction to contrast medium, evolution in time), as well as accompanyi Supraspinatus Muscle and Rotator Cuff Tendonitis Treatment. PMC What should I be concerned for regarding very large simple kidney cyst? FInstP PJAOBEPFIPSM, CSci JWMFIPEM. [2] They are also seen in a number of neurological disorders and psychiatric illnesses. T2 relaxation occurs in a varying local magnetic field when there is transfer of energy between dipoles facing parallel and antiparallel to the external magnetic field, flipping each other in opposite directions. The magnitude of the MR signal after an RF-pulse is in turn, dependent on two factors: T1 reflects the length of time it takes for regrowth of. This is seen in particular on gradient echo images. The spots (called lesions) on the scan are areas of active inflammation. To understand this "paradox", you must realize that apixel's "brightness" or "darkness" on an MR image is directly related to the magnitude of the detected MR signal. CCF-Neuro-M.D.-PW. Ma YJ, Shao H, Fan S, Lu X, Du J, Young IR, Bydder GM. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (190). However, continued development of new brain T2/FLAIR lesions could lead to new attacks and thinking problems such as short-term memory loss or trouble keeping track of multiple tasks at the same time. Whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate. What does this mean? White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are lesions in the brain that show up as areas of increased brightness when visualised by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). You have 4 two lateral venticles, and two midline. Again noted are innumerable foci of subcortical and periventricular white matter T2 prolongation in the frontal and parietal lobes but also a . Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:2030-2065. You have brain structures that show up white on, in this area. WMH's are also referred to as Leukoaraiosis and are often found in CT or MRI's of older patients. Disclaimer. T2-hyperintense foci on brain MR imaging MRI is a sensitive method of CNS focal lesions detection but is less specific as far as their differentiation is concerned. The contrast that goes into your vein for the MRI seeps out of leaky blood vessels in the brain where there is active inflammation. I recently had an MRI to rule out a pseudotumor cerebri. after an RF excitation pulse, there is relaxation of the spins from the transverse plane toward the main longitudinal magnetic vector (B 0) - this is T1 weighting. MeSH Top answers from doctors based on your search: Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Spinal cord injuries without radiologic abnormality in children: a systematic review. [3][4] WMH volume, calculated as a potential diagnostic measure, has been shown to correlate to certain cognitive factors. We report the radiologic-histopathologic concordance between T2/FLAIR WMHs and neuropathologically confirmed demyelination in the periventricular, perivascular . Except for some minimal right periventricular white matter T2 brightness which is overall nonspecific and minimal is otherwise . [12], It is also thought that WMH have a negative impact on cognition in people with Alzheimer's disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. T2 reflects the length of time it takes for the MR signal to decay in the transverse plane. A wide range of instructive cases is discussed here, with review of the published reports focusing on pertinent MR features to aid in diagnosis. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. - Apr 12, 2014. The resulting short T2 time causes tendons and other semi-solid tissues to appear dark on T2-weighted images. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. 2010 Jul-Aug;39(4):160-85. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2009.05.004. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. This is often due to a combination of atherosclerosis, demyelination (loss of the "white matter" covering the nerves ), and scarring. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. So substances with short T2's have smaller signals and appear darker than substances with longer T2 values. Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) lesions on T2/FLAIR brain MRI are frequently seen in healthy elderly people. Before Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. This is related in part to the slower motion of protons both in macromolecules as well as water molecules attracted to the surface of the macromolecule. I recently had an mri to rule out a pseudotumor cerebri. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hyperintense spinal cord signal on T2-weighted images is seen in a wide-ranging variety of spinal cord processes. The .gov means its official. Gradient Diffusion Spin Echo Sequencethat is both positively T2-weighted and negatively D*-weighted. i do not have migraines, h bp or diabetes. 3. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. 5 What is the grading scale for supraspinatus tendinopathy? after doing so it was noted on the report that a t2 hyperintensity had been observed on my left kidney . what does it mean? Would have to know the patients entire history and have all data that is availabl What does it mean if a t2 prolongation on brain mri is getting larger? So substances with short T2's have smaller signals and appear darker than substances with longer T2 values. If this turns out to be a benign cyst,is it just something that doesn't cause a problem and can be disregarded? The rapid motion results in the T1 and T2 being about the same in pure water. The biophysical basis of tissue contrast in extracranial MR imaging. Dr. Stuart Hickersonanswered Family Medicine 33 years experience Talk now MRI: Your brain has ventricles which are fluid filled cavities on the inside of you brain. Young IR, Szeverenyi NM, Du J, Bydder GM. Loss of signal and darkness on T2-weighted images in cortical bone, teeth, calculi is primarily a result of little water (low proton density) unlike tendons and ligaments 3. what does this mean? Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. i'm 43 and started having migraine with aura at 41. prolonged illness. 1.6 x 0.7 cm and a dominant right-sided lesion in the parietal white matter approx. Mitchell DG, Burk DL, Vinitski S et-al. Almost immediately, they lose coherence as some spin slightly faster than the others. T2 relaxation, also known as spin-spin relaxation or transverse relaxation, refers to the progressive dephasing of spinning dipoles resulting in decay in the magnetization in the transverse plane (M xy).Following a radiofrequency pulse, this form of relaxation occurs with the time constant T2, where T2 is the time it takes for the transverse magnetization vector to decay to 1/e or 37% of its . What does this mean There are a few scattered small foci of t2 hyperintensity in the periventricular and subcortical white matter of each cerbral white matter of each cerebral hemishere. Pathological tissue usually has more water than normal brain so this is a good type to scan to pick this up. The same conclusions and observations would not necessarily apply in other situations, such as if the sequence were a phase-sensitive inversion recovery one, for example. I am a thirty two year old femalesix feet tall and three hundred forty pounds. Following a radiofrequency pulse, this form of relaxation occurs with the time constant T2, where T2 is the time it takes for the transverse magnetization vector to decay to 1/e or 37% of its initial magnitude. Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. The pictures show both old and new inflammation. Is there mild heterogeneous T2 signal change within the supraspinatus? i noticed on my mri results that it said there is a single punctate focus of t2 prolongation in the left corona radiata, nonspecific. The water that is in bone, teeth, and calculi would mostly be bound as to collagen and would have a very short T2 time constant and appear dark. it also found the following: there is a focus of uniform t2 prolongation in the medial lower pole of the right kidney measuring 20 mm in diameter. Unable to process the form. To learn more, please visit our, Your brain has ventricles which are fluid filled cavities on the inside of you brain. Singapore Med J. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Does a "focus of T2 hypersensitivity" on an MRI always mean a lesion, or can it mean something else? The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Posts on t2 prolongation (3146) mri results - Multiple Sclerosis Community. Check for errors and try again. A T2WI relies upon the transverse relaxation (also known as "spin-spin" relaxation) of the net magnetization vector (NMV). Example Sentences. White matter disease is an umbrella term for damage to your brain's white matter caused by reduced blood flow to the tissue. Would you kindly let me know what this means. to serve as a baseline evaluation and staging the disease process. One that immediately comes to mind (suggested by my colleague Graeme Bydder) is the Pulsed The site is secure. My dad has metastic nsc lung cancer. Long T2 fluids with few macromolecules such as water, urine, and CSF will appear bright on T2-weighted images. "White matter hyperintensities" (lesions that appear bright white on certain sequences of MRI scans) " Leukoaraiosis " (a term that is used if the spots are thought to be caused by decreased blood flow. MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. Several treatments can prevent 80% of new T2 lesions from developing in the brain. How long does supraspinatus tendinopathy take to heal? Learn more. . For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). J Clin Neurol. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Each magnetic dipole exists in a microenvironment unique to the tissue where it belongs. Whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate. 1 What is increased T2 signal on MRI report? Deep white matter hyperintensites occur deep within white matter, periventricular white matter hyperintensities occur adjacent to the lateral ventricles and subcortical hyperintensities occur in the basal ganglia. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Many of the lesions may not be causing obvious symptoms. Without going into the physics of MRI (which I doubt even the most ardent Radiologist could explain), prolongation of the T2 signal (a bright area on , MS, normal and other. In all tissues, there exist tiny magnetic fields (~1mT) generated by the spinning hydrogen nuclei (protons). Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other commonly abused medications. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Please help keep this site free for everyone in the world! Mri report.multiple nonspecific small subcortical foci of t2 prolongation in the left cerebrum. A short T2 means that the signal decays very rapidly. Kinesiology Tape (KT Tape) or Shoulder Sling. Careers. 1 doctor answer 1 doctor weighed in Share Dr. John cuong Doananswered Family Medicine 18 years experience You may have: rotator cufftendinitis, whether acute or chronic it will be hard for MRIto detect. 2 How do you treat inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon? This finding has been variously attributed to the presence of fat, muscle, connective tissue, abnormal vascularity, or degenerative changes. . Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord lesions: a pictorial review. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. - Oct 04, 2011. dxd in 08 with rrms have had what i considered relapses last dr says not ms last mri States. Epub 2015 Jul 14. Spinal Cord. after an RF excitation pulse, there is relaxation of the spins from the transverse plane toward the main longitudinal magnetic vector (B 0) - this is T1 weighting. A mri was taken and the impression says abnormal t2 prolongation identified in the periventricular white matter region, what does this mean? Certain features of gait pattern associated with WMH are: slight widening of the base, slowing and shortening of stride length and turning en bloc. Hello and hope you are doing well. V1/T1 = V2/T2 Where temperature must be in Kelvins 67C + 273 = 340 K So 140/340 = 50/T2 Find T2 340/140 (50) = T2 T2 = 121 K or -152C. This slower motion is closer to the Larmor frequency. The pattern of T1 lesions with contrast changes from month to month.

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